Microinverters vs string inverters vs optimizers: what actually changes for you
String inverters convert a whole row of panels at once (cheaper); microinverters convert each panel (better with shade, per-panel monitoring).
A string inverter wires many panels in series to one box. It is cheaper, but historically the weakest panel limits the string — partial shade on one panel drags down others.
Microinverters (e.g., Enphase) sit under each panel, so shade or a failure affects only that panel, and monitoring is per panel. Optimizers (e.g., SolarEdge, Tigo) are a hybrid: per-panel electronics feeding a central inverter.
Code-required rapid shutdown has pushed most U.S. rooftop systems toward module-level electronics anyway, narrowing the price gap.
What this means for you: For shaded or multi-direction roofs, module-level electronics usually earn their cost. For a simple unshaded south roof, a string inverter can be the better value.