Solar panels in Madison: what they cost and what they make
A typical Madison home needs 25 solar panels. They would make about 14,157 kWh a year and cost $26k to $39k before incentives. At today's electricity prices they pay for themselves in about 13.2 yrs.
See panels on your own Madison roof
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What solar costs in Madison
At $3.00 a watt, the median price cash buyers pay nationally, a 10.5 kW system costs about $31,500. Quotes in Madison will usually fall between $26,250 and $39,375. Complex roofs, main-panel upgrades and financing push prices up.
The 30% federal tax credit no longer applies to systems homeowners buy. This estimate includes no state or utility incentives; check with your utility before you buy.
The number that decides whether solar pays in Madison is what your utility pays for the power you send back. Under full payback is about 13.2 yrs. Under net billing it is about 21.7 yrs, because only the ~42% of solar a typical home uses as it is made saves the full retail price.
Cash purchase, prices rising 2.5% a year, panels losing 0.5% a year, $25/kW a year for upkeep. No federal credit for homeowner-owned systems.
Every way to pay for a 10.5 kW system in Madison
Change any number →| Way to pay | Day one | Monthly payment | Monthly net, year 1 | Ahead after 25 years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pay cash Full price on install day | $31,500 | $0 | +$173 | $37k |
| Credit-union loan 8% APR, 20 years, no dealer fee | $0 | $263 | −$90 | $5,100 |
| “1.99%” solar loan 1.99% APR, 25 years, 25% dealer fee | $0 | $167 | +$7 | $18k |
| Lease $165/mo, +2.9%/yr | $0 | $165 | +$30 | $3,600 |
| Power purchase (PPA) 14.1¢/kWh, +2.9%/yr | $0 | $166 | +$29 | $7,700 |
Under net metering, at 16.5¢/kWh rising 2.5% a year. The “1.99%” loan’s $7,875 dealer fee is included in its payments. Lease and PPA prices are typical offers, not quotes.
How much sunshine Madison gets
kWh per kW, 25° southMay is the best month for solar in Madison, and Dec the weakest: a Dec day makes 60% of a May day. A 6 kW system would make about 474 kWh in Dec and 793 kWh in May.
On June 21 the sun rises at 5:34 am and sets at 8:03 pm, 14 hours 29 minutes of daylight. On December 21 it is up from 6:50 am to 4:40 pm, just 9 hours 49 minutes.
Peak sun hours in Madison, month by month
| Month | Flat ground | Panels at 32° | kWh per kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2.5 | 3.8 | 89 |
| Feb | 3.0 | 4.0 | 86 |
| Mar | 4.1 | 4.9 | 116 |
| Apr | 5.5 | 5.7 | 129 |
| May | 6.0 | 5.6 | 132 |
| Jun | 6.4 | 5.7 | 129 |
| Jul | 6.1 | 5.6 | 129 |
| Aug | 5.6 | 5.6 | 126 |
| Sep | 4.9 | 5.5 | 120 |
| Oct | 3.8 | 5.1 | 115 |
| Nov | 2.9 | 4.5 | 98 |
| Dec | 2.2 | 3.4 | 79 |
| Year | 4.4 | 4.9 | 1,348 |
A peak sun hour is one hour of sunlight at 1,000 W per m². Why sites disagree.
The best angle and direction for panels in Madison
| Roof faces (6/12 pitch) | Output vs south | kWh per kW |
|---|---|---|
| South | 100% | 1,348 |
| Southeast | 96% | 1,294 |
| Southwest | 96% | 1,294 |
| East | 85% | 1,146 |
| West | 85% | 1,146 |
| North | 65% | 876 |
Face panels south and tilt them 32° for the most energy over a year. East and west roofs keep about 85% of that. A north-facing roof keeps 65%, which is rarely worth the money. Try other angles.
Where the sun goes over Madison
The noon sun is lower in winter, which is why the best winter tilt (58°) is steeper than the best summer tilt (6°).
Madison's homes
Madison has 22,496 households. 74% own their home, and 16,267 of those owners live in single-family houses, the kind of home that usually gets rooftop solar.
The median home here was built in 2001. Most roofs this young have years of life left, which makes them good candidates for solar.
62.9% of homes heat with electricity and 34.8% with gas. Electric heat raises winter use, so size solar to your own bills rather than the state average.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020–2024 5-year estimates.
If the power goes out in Madison
Solar panels alone shut off in a blackout. Add a battery and they keep going. One Tesla Powerwall 3 (13.5 kWh) running a fridge, freezer, furnace fan, lights, Wi-Fi, TV and microwave (6.9 kWh a day):
Change the appliances, the battery and the weather in the battery calculator.
Questions people ask about solar in Madison
How much do solar panels cost in Madison?
A 10.5 kW system — enough for the average Alabama home — costs about $26,250 to $39,375 before incentives, based on $2.50–$3.75 per watt. The 30% federal credit no longer applies to systems homeowners buy.
How many solar panels does a house in Madison need?
About 25 panels of 420 watts for a home using 1,143 kWh a month, the Alabama average. Each kilowatt of panels here makes about 1,348 kWh a year on a south-facing roof.
Is solar worth it in Madison?
Over 25 years, solar power here costs about 11.4¢ per kWh, against 16.5¢ from the grid today. Payback is about 13.2 yrs if your utility credits exported power at the full retail rate, and 21.7 yrs if it pays about 30% of retail.
How many peak sun hours does Madison get?
4.9 a day on panels tilted to 32°, and 4.4 on flat ground. The best month is Jun; the weakest is Dec.
What is the best angle for solar panels in Madison?
32° for the most energy over a year, facing south. 58° is best in winter and 6° in summer. On a normal pitched roof, anything within 15° of 32° gives you about 95% of the maximum.
How long would a home battery last in a Madison power outage?
A Tesla Powerwall 3 running a fridge, freezer, furnace fan, lights, Wi-Fi, TV and microwave (6.9 kWh a day) lasts about 43 hours with no sun. With 7 kW of solar to recharge it, it gets through a three-day outage even in overcast January.
Solar near Madison
| City | Miles | kWh per kW | Sun hours |
|---|---|---|---|
| Huntsville, AL | 5 | 1,356 | 4.9 |
| Decatur, AL | 16 | 1,357 | 5.0 |
| Columbia, TN | 65 | 1,349 | 4.9 |
| Spring Hill, TN | 72 | 1,347 | 4.8 |
| Murfreesboro, TN | 81 | 1,346 | 4.8 |
Madison shares a weather-data neighbourhood with Huntsville; their sunshine numbers differ by less than our data can resolve. Housing, prices and outage figures are specific to Madison.
Cities with the same sunshine as Madison
These far-away cities get almost exactly as much solar energy per panel.
- Rochester, MN 1,359 kWh per kW
- Minneapolis, MN 1,352 kWh per kW
- Vineland, NJ 1,349 kWh per kW
Snow: NASA records about 4 cm of snow on the ground here in an average January. Covered panels make little until it slides off, and these figures (like PVWatts') don't subtract that.
Sources: NASA POWER 2001–2020 monthly climatology (grid cell 34 km from Madison's Census point), our PV model (within 1.6% of NLR PVWatts® on average), U.S. EIA prices and use, U.S. Census 2025 population estimates and ACS 2020–2024. Estimates for an average home, not a site survey. How we calculate.