Solar panels in Grand Forks: what they cost and what they make
A typical Grand Forks home needs 22 solar panels. They would make about 12,399 kWh a year and cost $23k to $35k before incentives. At today's electricity prices they pay for themselves in about 17.5 yrs.
See panels on your own Grand Forks roof
Type your address. You get your roof from above, the panels that fit, a month-by-month forecast and a battery test. No phone number.
What solar costs in Grand Forks
At $3.00 a watt, the median price cash buyers pay nationally, a 9.2 kW system costs about $27,600. Quotes in Grand Forks will usually fall between $23,000 and $34,500. Complex roofs, main-panel upgrades and financing push prices up.
The 30% federal tax credit no longer applies to systems homeowners buy. This estimate includes no state or utility incentives; check with your utility before you buy.
The number that decides whether solar pays in Grand Forks is what your utility pays for the power you send back. Under full payback is about 17.5 yrs. Under net billing it is about 25+ yrs, because only the ~43% of solar a typical home uses as it is made saves the full retail price.
Cash purchase, prices rising 2.5% a year, panels losing 0.5% a year, $25/kW a year for upkeep. No federal credit for homeowner-owned systems.
Every way to pay for a 9.2 kW system in Grand Forks
Change any number →| Way to pay | Day one | Monthly payment | Monthly net, year 1 | Ahead after 25 years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pay cash Full price on install day | $27,600 | $0 | +$109 | $16k |
| Credit-union loan 8% APR, 20 years, no dealer fee | $0 | $231 | −$122 | −$12k |
| “1.99%” solar loan 1.99% APR, 25 years, 25% dealer fee | $0 | $146 | −$38 | −$600 |
| Lease $110/mo, +2.9%/yr | $0 | $110 | +$18 | $1,500 |
| Power purchase (PPA) 10.5¢/kWh, +2.9%/yr | $0 | $108 | +$19 | $5,200 |
Under net metering, at 12.4¢/kWh rising 2.5% a year. The “1.99%” loan’s $6,900 dealer fee is included in its payments. Lease and PPA prices are typical offers, not quotes.
How much sunshine Grand Forks gets
kWh per kW, 25° southJul is the best month for solar in Grand Forks, and Dec the weakest: a Dec day makes 36% of a Jul day. A 6 kW system would make about 325 kWh in Dec and 906 kWh in Jul.
On June 21 the sun rises at 5:29 am and sets at 9:31 pm, 16 hours 2 minutes of daylight. On December 21 it is up from 8:15 am to 4:37 pm, just 8 hours 23 minutes.
Peak sun hours in Grand Forks, month by month
| Month | Flat ground | Panels at 45° | kWh per kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.7 | 3.8 | 80 |
| Feb | 3.0 | 5.5 | 111 |
| Mar | 4.0 | 5.7 | 134 |
| Apr | 4.9 | 5.5 | 134 |
| May | 5.6 | 5.4 | 141 |
| Jun | 6.1 | 5.5 | 139 |
| Jul | 6.4 | 5.9 | 151 |
| Aug | 5.3 | 5.6 | 137 |
| Sep | 3.9 | 5.0 | 113 |
| Oct | 2.4 | 4.0 | 88 |
| Nov | 1.5 | 3.0 | 61 |
| Dec | 1.1 | 2.6 | 54 |
| Year | 3.8 | 4.8 | 1,342 |
A peak sun hour is one hour of sunlight at 1,000 W per m². Why sites disagree.
The best angle and direction for panels in Grand Forks
| Roof faces (6/12 pitch) | Output vs south | kWh per kW |
|---|---|---|
| South | 100% | 1,342 |
| Southeast | 94% | 1,261 |
| Southwest | 94% | 1,261 |
| East | 79% | 1,060 |
| West | 79% | 1,060 |
| North | 54% | 725 |
Face panels south and tilt them 45° for the most energy over a year. East and west roofs keep about 79% of that. A north-facing roof keeps 54%, which is rarely worth the money. Try other angles.
Where the sun goes over Grand Forks
The noon sun is lower in winter, which is why the best winter tilt (73°) is steeper than the best summer tilt (18°).
Grand Forks's homes
Grand Forks has 26,171 households. 46.4% own their home, and 10,778 of those owners live in single-family houses, the kind of home that usually gets rooftop solar.
The median home here was built in 1984. Many roofs that age are due for replacement. Replace the roof first, then add solar: taking panels off and putting them back later costs thousands.
47.1% of homes heat with electricity and 46.8% with gas. If you switch to a heat pump or an electric car, plan for more panels or leave room on the roof.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020–2024 5-year estimates.
If the power goes out in Grand Forks
Solar panels alone shut off in a blackout. Add a battery and they keep going. One Tesla Powerwall 3 (13.5 kWh) running a fridge, freezer, furnace fan, lights, Wi-Fi, TV and microwave (6.9 kWh a day):
Change the appliances, the battery and the weather in the battery calculator.
Questions people ask about solar in Grand Forks
How much do solar panels cost in Grand Forks?
A 9.2 kW system — enough for the average North Dakota home — costs about $23,000 to $34,500 before incentives, based on $2.50–$3.75 per watt. The 30% federal credit no longer applies to systems homeowners buy.
How many solar panels does a house in Grand Forks need?
About 22 panels of 420 watts for a home using 1,029 kWh a month, the North Dakota average. Each kilowatt of panels here makes about 1,342 kWh a year on a south-facing roof.
Is solar worth it in Grand Forks?
Over 25 years, solar power here costs about 11.5¢ per kWh, against 12.4¢ from the grid today. Payback is about 17.5 yrs if your utility credits exported power at the full retail rate, and 25+ yrs if it pays about 30% of retail.
How many peak sun hours does Grand Forks get?
4.8 a day on panels tilted to 45°, and 3.8 on flat ground. The best month is Jul; the weakest is Dec.
What is the best angle for solar panels in Grand Forks?
45° for the most energy over a year, facing south. 73° is best in winter and 18° in summer. On a normal pitched roof, anything within 15° of 45° gives you about 95% of the maximum.
How long would a home battery last in a Grand Forks power outage?
A Tesla Powerwall 3 running a fridge, freezer, furnace fan, lights, Wi-Fi, TV and microwave (6.9 kWh a day) lasts about 43 hours with no sun. With 7 kW of solar to recharge it, it gets through a three-day outage even in overcast January.
Solar near Grand Forks
| City | Miles | kWh per kW | Sun hours |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fargo, ND | 74 | 1,412 | 4.8 |
| Bismarck, ND | 188 | 1,442 | 4.9 |
| St. Cloud, MN | 215 | 1,371 | 4.7 |
| Duluth, MN | 245 | 1,277 | 4.4 |
| Maple Grove, MN | 259 | 1,351 | 4.6 |
Cities with the same sunshine as Grand Forks
These far-away cities get almost exactly as much solar energy per panel.
- Fulshear, TX 1,407 kWh per kW
- Kennewick, WA 1,409 kWh per kW
- Greenville, SC 1,405 kWh per kW
Snow: NASA records about 19 cm of snow on the ground here in an average January. Covered panels make little until it slides off, and these figures (like PVWatts') don't subtract that.
Sources: NASA POWER 2001–2020 monthly climatology (grid cell 56 km from Grand Forks's Census point), our PV model (within 1.6% of NLR PVWatts® on average), U.S. EIA prices and use, U.S. Census 2025 population estimates and ACS 2020–2024. Estimates for an average home, not a site survey. How we calculate.